Toxicokinetics & Pharmacokinetics

What factors influence drug distribution?

Tag: DMPK

Details: Drug distribution depends upon a range of variables such as the drug’s physicochemical composition, circulation, tissue content and how the drug interacts with macromolecules in the body.

What are the Pharmacokinetic Properties of the Antisense Oligonucleotides?

Tag: PK properties

Details: Oligonucleotide therapeutics are a class of nucleic acid-based treatments that exert therapeutic effects by binding to specific RNA or DNA molecules, thereby regulating gene expression or modifying gene activity.

How to Conduct a Bioavailability Assessment?

Tag: Bioavailability

Details: Bioavailability refers to the relative amount and speed with which a drug or other active substance reaches the systemic circulation and exerts its effect at the site of action after non-intravenous administration.

Toxicokinetics vs. Pharmacokinetics

Tag: TK and PK

Details: TK is defined as the generation of PK data, either as an integral component in the conduct of nonclinical toxicity studies or in specifically designed supportive studies to assess systemic exposure.

Parameters of Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Tag: PK parameters

Details: Pharmacokinetics encompasses the study of drug disposition within the body, which involves several key parameters, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Drugs and Calculations

Tag: Drug properties

Details: In the realm of drug discovery and development, it is imperative to comprehend the physical and chemical attributes of drugs to refine their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Predictive Modeling of Metabolic Drug Toxicity

Tag: Drug toxicity

Details: Predicting the potential toxicity of new drug candidates is a critical step in the drug discovery and development process.

Experimental Methods for Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions

Tag: Drug-drug interactions

Details: Metabolism-mediated drug-drug interactions can significantly affect drug efficacy and safety, and thus it is imperative to identify and comprehend them during the drug development phase.

Effects of Cytochrome P450 Metabolism on Drug Interactions

Tag: Drug-drug interactions

Details: Cytochrome P450 enzymes can be inhibited or induced by drugs, resulting in clinically significant drug-drug interactions that can cause unanticipated adverse reactions or therapeutic failures.

Overview of In Vitro Permeability Assays

Tag: DMPK

Details: The importance of in vitro permeability assays lies in their ability to assess the ability of drug compounds to permeate cellular and tissue barriers, such as the intestinal epithelium or the blood-brain barrier.

Methods of Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays

Tag: DMPK

Details: Through various methods, PAMPA has been employed to assess gastrointestinal permeability (GIT-PAMPA), skin permeability (skin-PAMPA), and blood-brain barrier permeability (BBB-PAMPA).

Organoids in Drug Discovery: Revolutionizing Therapeutic Research

Tag: Drug discovery

Details: Organoids provide a powerful tool for studying human biology and disease in a more physiologically relevant and predictive manner.

Unraveling the Role of hERG Channels in Drug Safety

Tag: Drug toxicity

Details: In the realm of drug discovery and development, the assessment of hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) channel toxicity plays a vital role.

Comparison of MDCK-MDR1 and Caco-2 Cell-Based Permeability Assays

Tag: In Vitro Permeability and Transporters

Details: Both MDCK-MDR1 and Caco-2 cell models have distinct advantages and limitations that impact their utility in drug discovery and development.

Pharmacokinetics Considerations for Antibody Drug Conjugates

Tag: Antibody Drug Conjugates

Details: Understanding the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ADCs is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity.

How to Design and Synthesize Antibody Drug Conjugates?

Tag: Antibody Drug Conjugates

Details: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a significant advancement, merging the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of cytotoxic drugs.

The Rise of In Vitro Testing in Drug Development

Tag: In Vitro Testing

Details: The landscape of drug development has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with in vitro testing becoming increasingly integral to the process.

How to Improve Drug Plasma Stability?

Tag: DMPK

Details: Plasma stability is a crucial parameter in drug development that refers to the ability of a drug molecule to maintain its structural integrity and pharmacological activity when exposed to the complex biological environment of the plasma.

Traditional vs. Novel Drug Delivery Methods

Tag: Drug delivery

Details: Effective drug delivery is the cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical science, ensuring that therapeutic agents reach their intended targets within the body while minimizing adverse effects and optimizing therapeutic efficacy.

What Is the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Drug Delivery?

Tag: Drug delivery

Details: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective and impermeable barrier that separates the circulatory system from the brain and the central nervous system (CNS).

How Is the Cytotoxicity of Drugs Determined?

Tag: Drug cytotoxicity

Details: Cytotoxicity assays are a quick way to assess a certain chemical compound’s effects on a given human cell line.  Cytotoxicity experiments are a crucial part of the modern pharmaceutical development process.

What Are Compartment Models in Pharmacokinetics?

Tag: PK

Details: PK models can range in complexity from models with a single compartment to models containing hundreds of compartments.

What Are Metabolism-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions?

Tag: Drug-drug interactions

Details: When two or more drugs are co-administered, their metabolic pathways can intersect, leading to a phenomenon known as metabolism-mediated drug-drug interactions (MMDDIs).