In Vitro DMPK Services

ADME is short for "absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion." The four properties determine the drug exposure to tissues, the drug level within a body. Also, a compound's metabolic process can help predict the bioactivity and bioavailability of a drug. Therefore, understanding the ADME properties of a compound is essential to drug development.

Creative Bioarray provides a variety of in vitro ADME/PK services, including high-throughput ADME screening, in vitro binding, in vitro metabolism, in vitro permeability, and transporter assays.

Physicochemical Characterization

Physicochemical properties of a drug include lipophilicity, stability, molecular size, ionization, hydrogen bonding, solubility, etc. Understanding the physicochemical properties of compounds are fundamental for drug formulation development and absorption, distribution studies in vivo.

• Aqueous Solubility Studies
• Lipophilicity
• Stability

Permeability and Absorption

Drug absorption is drugs' movement  into the bloodstream. This process is influenced by many factors, including drugs formulation, physicochemical properties, and route of administration. Regardless of the route of administration, the drug must first be dissolved and absorbed before it can exert a therapeutic effect. By intervening in factors that affect drug absorption, its pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics can be changed.

Drugs' permeability across biological membranes is a critical factor that influences the absorption and distribution. Drugs may cross cell membranes through passive diffusion, facilitated passive diffusion, active transport, and pinocytosis. The drug's physicochemical properties (such as lipophilicity and molecular size), and membrane-based efflux, can lead to poor permeability.

• Dermal Absorption
• Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA)
• Caco-2 Permeability
• MDCK Permeability
• Transporter Substrate Identification

Drug Distribution

Drug distribution describes the reversible movement of a drug from one location to another within the body. Usually, it refers to a drug transfer from the blood to various tissues. Theoretically, different body parts can receive different doses and remain for a different amount of time.

A drug's distribution in the body depends on many aspects. For example, drugs' physicochemical characters, like lipophilicity and aqueous solubility, decide whether a drug tends to stay in fluid tissue or lipid tissue. Permeability is another factor that affects distribution. A drug has different penetration abilities to cross different tissue membranes, leading to a different volume of distribution. Tissue and plasma protein binding is the third factor. If a drug binds to proteins circulating in the blood, It is difficult to penetrate from blood vessels to tissues efficiently. Because the drug binds tightly to the protein in specific tissues, it will also prolong the action time and accumulation of the drug.

• Plasma Protein Binding
• Blood Plasma Partitioning
• Brain Tissue Binding
• Microsomal Binding

In Vitro Metabolism

After entering the body for a particular time, drugs will be eliminated by excretion or metabolizing to one or more metabolites. The safety and efficacy of a drug can be significantly affected by metabolism routes. Individual differences may affect the metabolic rate of drugs eliminated only through a single metabolic pathway, resulting in significant differences in the concentration of drugs and drug metabolites in blood and tissues. Achieve the safe and effective use of drugs may require dose adjustments for different individuals.

Metabolism usually occurs in the liver, and in vitro drug metabolism is measured by the activity of enzymes contained in the cytochrome CYP450 superfamily. Drug concomitants may cause interactions of inhibiting or inducing the CYP450 enzymes.

• Metabolite Profiling and Identification
• Metabolic Stability Assays
• Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Assays

Quotation and ordering

Creative Bioarray, staffed with well-experienced experts in the field, is dedicated to providing its clients with the most reliable and producible results at a competitive price. We are capable of accommodating the needs of our clients and achieving the goals of the study. Please contact us to find out more about our services.

Explore Other Options

• In Vivo DMPK Services
• Biosample Services
• Cell Services
• Cell-Based Drug Discovery
• Disease Models

• In Vitro Metabolism
• In Vitro Permeability and Transporters
• Drug-Drug Interaction
• High-throughput ADME Screening
• Physicochemical Characterization Assays

For research use only. Not for any other purpose.