RAJI

Meloxicam on RAJI Cell Line Proliferation and Apoptosis

Meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits the production of PGE2 by blocking Cox-2 activity. The study aimed to study the effect of meloxicam on the proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cell lines.

The effects of meloxicam were examined on the viability of Raji cells by using the MTT assay. Raji cells were treated with meloxicam at the specified concentrations (0-200 μM) for 24 hours. The percentage of cell viability was averaged to 89.67 ± 1.53%, 79.33 ± 5.51%, 74.67 ± 1.53%, 74.33 ± 4.73%, 68.67 ± 3.22%, 72.33 ± 1.53%, and 76.67 ± 3.51%, respectively. As shown in Fig. 1, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in Raji cells treated with meloxicam (p < 0.05). Fig. 2 shows that meloxicam treatment for 24 hours causes an increase in Raji cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic cells was averaged at 18.4 ± 1.8%, 23.53 ± 2.2%, and 25.57 ± 1.6%, respectively. Morphological changes in the Raji cells after being treated with meloxicam were observed using SEM (Fig. 3). After treatment with meloxicam, many blebs extrude from the cytoplasm giving the cell a foamy shape, indicating an apoptosis process occurred. These findings suggest that meloxicam has anticancer properties by inhibiting Raji cell proliferation and inducing Raji cell apoptosis in vitro.

Fig. 1 Raji cell viability was treated with various concentrations of meloxicam for 24 hours. (Asmarani YK, et al., 2022)

Fig. 2 The flow cytometry histogram of the percentage of Raji cells after 24 hours of incubation with various concentrations of meloxicam. (Asmarani YK, et al., 2022)

Fig. 3 Representative scanning electron microscopy of Raji cells. (Asmarani YK, et al., 2022)

B10 Inducing RAJI Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphoid cells originating in matured B or T cells. The study isolates a natural stilbene B10 (3-methoxy 5-hydroxy stilbene) from Cajanus cajan (Pigeon Pea) for its anti-proliferative efficacy against human lymphoma (Raji) cells.

To confirm the apoptotic effect of B10 in Raji cells, PI /AnnexinV-FITC dual staining analysis was performed at 24 and 48 h of B10 treatment for 12, 18, and 24 µM concentrations. The flow cytometric analysis revealed dose and time-dependent enhancement in apoptosis rates after B10 treatment (Fig. 4A and 4B). Additionally, the PI-stained flow cytometric cell cycle analysis revealed that G1 and S phases got arrested by B10 treatment, both dose and time-dependently (Fig. 4C and 4D). The western blot protein expression analysis of apoptotic and cell cycle proteins was carried out. In accordance, there was a significant increase in expression of APAF-1, cleaved caspase3, cleaved caspase9, cleaved PARP1, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 compared to control in both dose and time-dependent manner after B10 treatment (Fig. 4E and 4F). Thus, the results could reveal the selective inhibitory effects of B10 on lymphoma, suggesting it is a probable innovative chemotherapeutic agent.

Fig. 4 B10 aggravates dose/time-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Raji cells. (Varier KM, et al., 2022)